Adult Critical Care Specialty (ACCS) Practice Exam

What is the most serious complication associated with airway suctioning?

1. Hypercapnia

2. Aspiration

3. Hypoxemia

4. Hypertension

The correct answer is: Hypoxemia

Hypoxemia is considered the most serious complication associated with airway suctioning due to the potential for oxygen deprivation during the procedure. When suctioning, especially if done improperly or for prolonged periods, there can be a significant reduction in the oxygen content of blood. This results from a combination of factors such as the interruption of ventilation when the airway is compromised and the potential for trauma to the airway structures, which could cause bleeding or increased resistance to airflow. The risk of hypoxemia is particularly concerning in critically ill patients who may already have compromised respiratory function or low baseline oxygen levels. If hypoxemia occurs, it can lead to serious adverse effects, including organ dysfunction, increased myocardial oxygen demand, and in severe cases, can precipitate cardiac arrest. While other complications, such as hypercapnia (inadequate removal of carbon dioxide), aspiration (inhaling substances into the lungs), and hypertension (increased blood pressure) can also occur during airway management, they do not pose the immediate and critical risks to life that hypoxemia does, particularly when rapid intervention and response are necessary in a critical care setting.